World Crisis Chronology
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A
06/04/2018Prime minister resigns
08/15/2021Taliban takes control of government
05/17/2020Power-sharing government formed
02/28/2020Afghan peace agreement
02/18/2020Ghani re-elected
09/29/2014Ghani and Abdullah Sworn In
09/07/2010Kabul Bank Scandal
01/04/2003Loya Jiraga Agrees to New Constitution
09/11/2001September 11th, 2001
07/08/2019Free trade agreement initiated
07/09/2002OUA Becomes African Union
06/11/2019Presidential impeachment proceedings begin
08/02/1993Albania Classes as Least Developed by UN
06/15/2021Ruling coalition retains control of parliament
12/12/2019Former PM elected president
03/11/2019Bouteflika rescinds presidential run
11/19/2023Milei elected president
08/31/2020Government reschedules debt
10/27/2019Fernandez wins presidency
06/20/2021Pashinyan reelected
11/09/2020Nagorno-Karabakh peace agreement
01/14/2019Pashinyan becomes prime minister
05/21/2022Labour Party wins election
05/19/2019Liberals win re-election
12/02/2021Prime minister resigns
10/09/2021Kurz resigns
01/01/2020Kurz forms new coalition
05/19/2019Kurz calls new elections after scandal
11/09/2020Nagorno-Karabakh peace agreement

B
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended
01/20/2022Government reelected
11/29/2021Full independence
10/21/2021Mason elected president
05/24/2018BLP dominates elections
08/10/2020Lukashenko declared re-eleted
09/30/2020Governing coalition formed
03/17/2020Temporary government installe
10/27/2019Wilmes named prime minister
12/19/2018Michel resigns
01/13/2023Ruling coalition reelected
04/14/2021Talon reelected
10/19/2018Newly created party wins government
11/10/2019Morales resigns
01/25/2023Kristo government approved
01/25/2023Kristo government approved
01/23/2023Kristo government approved
10/07/2018Serbian ally wins Bosnian Serb presidency
10/25/2019Ruling party re-elected
04/01/2019Masisi appointed president
10/30/2022Da Silva wins presidency
10/28/2018Bolsonaro elected president
09/30/2016Rousseff impeached; Michel Temer assumes presidency
09/14/2016Prosecutors file corruption charges against Lula da Silva
04/18/2016The House of Representatives impeaches Dilma Rousseff
09/07/2014Effects of corruption scandal Operation Car Wash widespread in the government
08/18/2011Corruption accusations affecting Rousseff’s administration
10/31/2010Dilma Rousseff elected president
10/30/2006Lula da Silva wins second term as president
06/04/2005Corruption scandal known as Operation Car Wash impacting government
10/27/2002Lula da Silva elected president
11/13/1998IMF agrees to $41.3 billion bailout for Brazil
09/03/1994Fernando Cardoso elected president
04/02/2023Government reelected
06/22/2022Government falls
12/14/2021New government confirmed
11/19/2021We Continue the Change wins plurality
07/12/2021New governing party claims victory
09/30/2022Another coup replaces government
01/24/2022Kaboré deposed
12/11/2021New prime minister appointed
12/08/2021Government falls
12/08/2021Government falls
11/30/2015Kaboré elected president
05/25/2020Ndayishimiye elected president
08/20/2000Peace accord signed

C
08/22/2023Hun Sen transfers power to son
10/22/2018Biya elected to a seventh term
09/20/2021Ruling party retains government
10/22/2019Liberals retain government
09/11/2019Elections called
04/19/2021Ruling party retains power
01/04/2021Touadéra re-elected
12/27/2020General election
03/01/2016Touadéra elected president
05/03/2021New government named
04/20/2021Deby is killed
12/19/2021Boric elected president
11/15/2019Referendum scheduled
12/17/2017Sebastián Piñera elected president
03/22/2018US-China trade war
10/24/2017President Xi elevated
06/17/2018Duque elected president
01/23/2020Ruling government re-elected
05/05/2016Assoumani affirmed president
07/06/2018Cook Islands Party to form government
06/14/2018Democratic Party wins parliament
04/03/2022Chaves elected president
07/05/2020Ruling party wins legilsative elections
01/04/2020Milanovic elected president
11/08/2021Governing coalition formed
10/09/2021Opposition wins parliamentary majority
06/27/2018Babis forms new goverment
01/16/2018Government falls

D
01/28/2021Prime minister removed
01/09/2019Tshisekedi declared president amid controversy
11/02/2022Government retains majority
11/26/2016New governing coalition
12/06/2019Governing party retains majority
07/07/2020Opposition wins presidency

E
04/21/2022Ramos-Horta elected president
05/17/2023Parliament dissolved
04/12/2021Lasso elected president
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended
02/28/2021Bukele retains power
02/04/2019Bukele elected president
11/26/2022Obiang reelected.
08/31/2021Karis elected president
01/25/2021New government formed
01/13/2021Government falls
04/17/2019New government formed
03/25/2022Ceasefire declared
11/04/2020Government invades Tigray
09/12/1974Selassie government overthrown
11/02/1930Selassie becomes emperor
02/24/2022Russia invades Ukraine
12/24/2020Agreement on UK exit from EU
01/29/2020EU approves Brexit
01/23/2020UK exit confirmed
10/17/2019EU and UK agree on Brexit
12/19/2018EU accepts Italian budget
06/29/2018EU summit on migration

F
12/20/2022New ruling coalition
04/02/2023Opposition wins election
05/11/2022Government to apply to NATO
06/19/2022Government reelected
04/24/2022Macron reelected

G
09/04/2023Coup leader assumes presidency
08/30/2023Military Coup
08/30/2023Bongo re-elected
02/22/2021Garibashvili elected prime minister
02/18/2021Prime minister resigns
11/21/2020Georgian Dream claims victory in parliament
09/08/2019Gakharia elected prime minister
09/02/2019Prime minister resigns
11/28/2018Zurabishvili elected president
06/13/2018Government falls
09/26/2021Ruling coalition unseated
12/10/2020Akufo-Addo is re-elected
07/07/2019New Democracy wins parliament
06/22/2022NDC wins election
01/14/2024Arevalo inaugurated
08/11/2019Giammattei elected president
09/05/2021Coup deposes Condé
10/24/2020Condé reelected
03/28/2020Constitutional referendum approved
02/05/2020Embalo wins presidency
01/01/2020Embalo elected president
08/02/2020Irfaan Ali becomes president
12/05/2021Barrow reelected

H
07/20/2021Ariel Henry becomes interim prime minister
07/07/2021Moïse assassinated
10/18/2018Protests over corruption
11/29/2016Moïse elected
02/07/2016Martelly resigns
11/30/2021Ruling party ousted
04/28/2019Proposed extradition law sparks protests
08/31/2014China limits democracy in Hong Kong
04/03/2022Fidesz retains government
12/06/2020Orban resigns after parliamentary election

I
02/25/2021India-Pakistan ceasefire
05/23/2019BJP retains power
05/21/2019Widodo re-elected
06/18/2021Ebrahim Raisi elected president
01/02/2020US kills high-ranking Iranian
05/08/2019Iran ends some aspects of nuclear agreement
04/08/2019US adds sanctions on Iran
10/13/2022New heads of state
01/02/2020US kills high-ranking Iranian
10/02/2018Abdul Mahdi named prime minister
12/08/2017Iraq declares victory over the Islamic State
06/27/2020Martin becomes taoiseach
12/22/2022Netanyahu forms new government
11/03/2022Netanyahu coalition wins election
06/20/2022New elections called
06/13/2021New coalition government takes office
12/22/2020New elections called
04/20/2020Agreement on unity government
03/26/2020Gantz elected parliament speaker
09/17/2019Election produces no majority party
10/22/2022Meloni elected prime minister
07/21/2022Draghi resigns again
07/14/2022Draghi resigns
02/12/2021Draghi becomes prime minister
01/26/2021Conte resigns
01/19/2021Conte survives no-confidence vote
12/19/2018EU accepts Italian budget
06/01/2018Five Star/League government accepted
03/05/2018Populist parties lead election results
10/31/2020Ouattara re-elected
07/04/2018Government dissolved

J
09/10/2020Ruling party retains power
09/10/2020Ruling party retains power
10/31/2021Ruling coalition retains majority
09/29/2021Kishida to be prime minister
08/25/2020Abe resigns for health reasons
07/21/2019Abe reelected with reduced majority

K
11/21/2022Tokayev reelected
01/10/2021Ruling Party retains power
06/10/2019Tokayev is elected president
03/19/2019Nazarbeyev resigns
02/21/2019Nazarbeyev fires government
08/15/2022Ruto wins disputed election
06/23/2020Maamau re-elected
11/05/2020Thaci resigns
06/03/2020Avdullah Hoti becomes prime minister
03/26/2020Government falls
02/03/2020Albin Kurti elected prime minister
11/08/2021Government resigns
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended
01/10/2021Jasparov is elected president
10/15/2020Jeenbekov resigns
10/06/2020Election annulled

L
07/26/2021Prime minister appointed
10/22/2020Hariri again prime minister
04/28/2020Protests intensify
01/21/2020Diab becomes prime minister
10/29/2019Hariri resigns
10/17/2019Protests begin
11/04/2017PM Saad Hariri resigns
05/19/2020Thabane resigns
05/11/2020Government collapses
01/16/2020Thabane agrees to resign
11/17/2023Bokai elected president
12/28/2017George Weah is elected president
02/06/2021Interim prime minister chosen
10/23/2020Ceasefire agreement
12/17/2015Unity government agreement
11/22/2020Skvernelis again prime minister

M
11/27/2023Rajoelina reelected
01/09/2019Rajoelina victory affirmed
06/23/2020Chakwera elected president
02/03/2020Election nullified
05/27/2019Mutharika is re-elected
11/24/2022Anwar named prime minister
08/20/2021Ismail named prime minister
03/01/2020Muhyiddin elected prime minister
02/24/2020Matathir resigns
04/07/2019Nasheed’s party regains control
09/23/2018Solih elected president
02/05/2018State of emergency imposed
02/02/2018Threat of impeachment
05/27/2021Coup leader assumes presidency
05/24/2021Military ousts transitional government
09/22/2020Interim president appointed
08/18/2020Keita deposed in army coup
04/23/2019Cisse appointed prime minster
08/15/2018Keïta re-elected
03/27/2022Labou reelected
01/05/2020Kabua elected president
07/01/2018Lopez Obrador elected president
07/14/2021PAS wins elections
12/23/2020Prime minister resigns
06/14/2019Plahotniuc resigns
01/02/2018President Dodon suspended again
10/17/2017President again suspeded
10/17/2017President suspended
11/13/2016Dodon elected president
04/23/2015Bank fraud revelation
02/25/2023Ruling Party Wins in Landslide
02/25/2023Ruling Party Wins in Landslide
02/24/2022Government falls
12/03/2020Opposition forms new government
08/31/2020Opposition wins government
09/22/2021Governing coalition formed
09/09/2021Governing party voted out
10/28/2019Nyusi re-elected
08/01/2021General assumes prime ministership
02/01/2021Military resumes control
11/09/2020Suu Kyi’s party claims election win
10/10/2016Outburst of violence between government and Rohingya Muslim minority

N
12/03/2019Geingob re-elected
02/24/2022Russia invades Ukraine
09/28/2022New president elected
08/27/2019Aingimea elected president
12/25/2022Prachanda again prime minister
07/12/2021Court declares new prime minister
05/25/2021Parliament dissolved
12/20/2020Elections called
12/15/2017Left Alliance gains majority
11/22/2023Far-right party wins plurality
12/16/2021Rutte returns in new government
03/18/2021Rutte government re-elected
01/15/2021Rutte government falls
10/10/2017Rutte to form government
03/15/2017Parliamentary election
01/25/2023Hipkins appointed prime minister
01/18/2023Ardern to resign
10/17/2020Ardern reelected
10/17/2020Ardern reelected
11/07/2021Ortega reelected
04/18/2018Widespread protests against government
11/06/2016Ortega re-elected
02/23/2021Bazoum elected president
05/08/2017Osinbajo named acting president
05/17/2016First Chibok girl is found.
03/31/2015Muhammadu Buhari is elected president
10/20/2014Nigeria declared free of Ebola.
04/14/2014Chibok girls kidnapped.
04/13/2011Jonathan elected president
10/18/2010Rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria
05/05/2010President Yar’Adua dies
01/12/2010Pres. Yar’Adua undergoing treatment
02/25/2006Rise of Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta
04/22/2003Obasanjo reelected president
06/08/1998Abacha dies; Gen. Abubakar named president
12/17/1993Abacha takes power
02/02/1993Shonekan appointed head of state
08/27/1985Gen. Babangida takes power
12/31/1983Major Gen. Buhari takes power
02/13/1976Obasanjo takes power
05/30/1967Biafra created
01/15/1966Regional tensions generate a coup
10/01/1960Independence
06/12/2018US-North Korea summit
04/27/2018Panmunjon Declaration
03/08/2018US-North Korea summit announced
07/02/2017ICBM test
02/13/2017Kim Jong-nam assassinated
05/06/2016Seventh Workers’ Party congress
03/02/2016UN increases sanctions
01/05/2016Reported hydrogen bomb test
12/17/2014Sony cyberattack
12/12/2013Jang Song-thaek executed
03/11/2013North Korea ends ceasefire with South Korea
12/18/2011Kim Jong-il dies
12/01/2009Economic crisis
12/11/2008End of nuclear weapons talks
07/09/2005Nuclear weapons talks
07/08/1994Kim Il-sung dies
10/31/2021Prime minister resigns
01/03/2020Zaev resigns
10/18/2019New elections called
05/05/2019Pendarovski wins presidency
01/25/2019New name is approved
05/13/2022Government shut down
01/11/2020Government restored
09/13/2021Labour Party wins parliament
01/17/2019Solberg forms majority government

O
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended

P
02/25/2021Pakistan-India ceasefire
05/06/2019Cortizo wins presidency
05/04/2014Varela wins presidency
05/03/2009Martinelli wins presidency
08/09/2022Marape reelected
12/10/2019Bougainville votes for independence
05/29/2019O'Neill resigns
06/18/2018State of emergency imposed
05/01/2023Peña reelected
04/23/2018Benitez elected president
12/07/2022Castillo removed. Boluarte becomes president
07/19/2021Castillo declared president
11/17/2020Sagasti named president
11/15/2020Merino resigns
11/10/2020Merino elected president
11/09/2020Vizcarra ousted
01/26/2020New congress elected
09/30/2019Turmoil in government with competing presidents
03/21/2018Kuczynski resigns
12/21/2017Kucyznski avoids impeachment
05/10/2022Marcos elected president
12/14/2023Tusk becomes prime minister
11/27/2023Morawiecki becomes prime minister
10/15/2023Opposition wins election
07/13/2020Duda re-elected
11/07/2023Costa resigns
01/30/2022New government elected
11/05/2021New election called
01/26/2021Rebelo de Sousa re-elected
07/25/2019Rosselló resigns

Q
02/14/2018Coup attempt fails
06/05/2017Blockade of Qatar
07/08/1997Liberalization
06/27/19951995 coup
09/03/1971Independence

R
11/25/2021New government approved
10/05/2021Government falls
12/18/2020Ruling coalition forms government
12/06/2020Orban resigns after parliamentary election
02/05/2020Government falls
11/04/2019Orban voted prime minister
10/10/2019Government falls
06/21/2018Dragnea convicted of fraud
01/17/2018Dancila becomes prime minister
02/24/2022Russia invades Ukraine
07/02/2020Constitutional referendum approved
01/15/2020Government resigns
07/16/2018Russia-US summit
07/16/2018Russia-US summit
08/28/2019Agreement with Uganda

S
05/24/2021Fiame becomes prime minister in disputed ceremony
04/07/2022Hadi transfers powers
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended
10/09/2018Disappearance of journalist leads to international attention
11/04/2017Anti-corruption crackdown
08/12/2022Sall coalition reelected
03/01/2019Sall re-elected
12/17/2023Government reelected
04/03/2022Vucic reelected
06/21/2020Ruling party gains in parliament
10/25/2020Opposition wins government
06/24/2023Bio reelected
03/07/2022Bio elected president
07/11/2020Ruling party re-elected
03/21/2020Matovič becomes prime minister
11/13/2022Pirc Musar elected president
04/24/2022Government ousted
03/13/2020Jansa leads new government
01/27/2020Snap elections called
01/27/2020Government falls
08/17/2018Marjan Sarec elected prime minister
05/15/2022President elected
11/21/2017Bihi elected president of Somaliland
05/13/2019ANC retains majority in parliament
03/09/2022Yoon Suk-yeal elected president
04/16/2020Moon wins re-election in a landslide
04/27/2018Panmunjon Declaration
06/27/2018Peace agreement signed
10/24/2023New government formed
01/07/2020Sanchez re-elected prime minister
04/28/2019Socialists win plurality
06/01/2018Socialists eject Rajoy and take control of government
07/20/2022Wickremesinghe named interim president
07/09/2022Rajapaksa resigns
05/12/2022Wickremesinghe appointed PM
05/09/2022Prime minister resigns
03/28/2022Government facing economic collapse
11/17/2019Gotabaya Rajapaksa elected president
12/16/2018Widkremesinghe returns to office
11/09/2018Parliament dissolved
10/26/2018Sirisena fires Prime Minister Rajapaska
01/02/2022Prime minister resigns
10/25/2021Military coup
07/07/2019Transitional government agreement
04/11/2019Military takes control
12/19/2018Anti-government protests begin
11/29/2019Bouterse sentenced
07/14/2015Bouterse reelected
09/14/2022Conservatives win government
05/15/2022Government to apply to NATO
07/07/2021Löfven reelected
06/28/2021Löfven resigns
01/03/2020US kills high-ranking Iranian
12/18/2018US announces withdrawal of troops from Syria
09/04/2018Assault on Idlib
09/26/2016Government attempt to retake Aleppo.
09/09/2016Ceasefire
08/24/2016Turkish troops enter Syria.
08/23/2016Kurdish truce with Syria.
09/30/2015Russia enters war.
09/10/2014US bombing Islamic State in Syria
01/24/2014Geneva peace conference 2014
09/25/2013Islamic State increasing in Syria
08/20/2013Government accused of using chemical weapons
03/18/2011Beginning of unrest in Syria that leads to civil war
05/21/2008Negotiations with Israel about Golan Heights
05/29/2007Bashar al-Assad re-elected
10/28/2005Preliminary UN report on Syrian responsibility for murder of Lebanon’s Rafik Hariri
03/06/2005Syrian intelligence officers begin to leave Lebanon
06/09/2000Hafez al-Assad dies
11/12/1970Hafez al-Assad takes power

T
01/11/2020Tsai re-elected
10/12/2020Rahmon reelected
02/28/2020Afghan peace agreement
03/17/2021Magafuli dies
10/31/2020Magafuli re-elected
10/31/2020Magafuli re-elected
06/05/2019Chan-Ocha elected prime minister
02/22/2020Gnassingbé re-elected
09/12/2019ʻAkilisi Pōhiva dies
06/04/1970Independence
08/11/2020Ruling party retains power
09/29/2021Saied names prime minister
08/24/2021Parliament suspended
07/25/2021Saied dismisses government
10/13/2019Saied elected president
07/25/2019Essebsi dies
05/28/2023Erdogan reelected
10/09/2019Turkey invades Syria
06/24/2018Erdogan re-elected
03/15/2022Serdar Berdymukhamedov elected president

U
01/18/2021Museveni re-elected
08/28/2019Agreement with Rwanda
02/24/2022Russia invades Ukraine
03/04/2020Shmygal elected prime minister
08/29/2019Honcharuk elected prime minister
05/14/2022New president named
05/13/2022President dies
04/07/2022Hadi transfers power
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended
01/05/2021Qatar blockade ended
01/18/2023Ruling party re-elected
10/24/2022Sunak chosen prime minister
10/20/2022Truss resigns
07/06/2022Johnson resigns
12/24/2020Agreement on UK exit from EU
01/29/2020EU approves Brexit
01/22/2020EU exit passes parliament
12/12/2019Conservatives gain majority
10/29/2019New election called
10/17/2019EU and UK agree on Brexit
05/25/2019May resigns
03/12/2018Skripal poisoning creates international crisis
02/15/2018Notpetya cyberattack
02/24/2022Russia invades Ukraine
12/06/2021Nehemmer elected chancellor
02/13/2021Trump acquitted again
01/13/2021Trump is impeached again
01/06/2021Presidential certification disrupted by Trump supporters
11/07/2020Biden wins disputed election
05/31/2020Protests and rioting across US
02/28/2020Afghan peace agreement
02/05/2020Trump acquitted
01/16/2020Trump impeached
01/02/2020US kills high-ranking Iranian
09/24/2019Impeachment inquiry instituted
12/21/2018Partial government shutdown
12/18/2018US announces withdrawal of troops from Syria
07/16/2018Russia-US summit
02/15/2018Notpetya cyberattack

V
11/04/2022Kalsaku elected prime minister
04/20/2020Loughman elected prime minister
11/21/2021Ruling party reelected
12/07/2020Ruling oalition wins legislature
01/05/2020Chaos in National Assembly election
08/18/2017Constitutional assembly assumes the powers of the legislature.
12/06/2015Opposition wins legislature
02/01/2021Trong re-elected CP leader

W

Y
04/07/2022Hadi transfers powers
04/07/2022Hadi transfers powers
12/04/2017Saleh killed
07/17/2015Hadi government regains Aden
03/26/2015Saudi Arabia increases participation in war
02/06/2015Houthis take control
08/25/2014Houthi rebellion
02/10/2014Federal statehood
02/20/2012Hadi elected president
11/23/2011Saleh gives up power
06/04/2011Saleh leaves for medical treatment
01/24/2011Protests against government
11/05/2009Saudi Arabia joins fight
05/04/2009Separatist fighting
10/12/2000USS Cole attack
08/1993Civil war
05/22/1990North and South Yemen merge
06/17/1978Saleh elected president
11/30/1967South Yemen established
09/27/1962North Yemen established

Z
08/16/2021Hichilema wins presidency

REPUBLIC OF CONGO

04/26/2022
Italy signs an agreement with Congo to develop a new natural gas project that will launch next year.
03/03/2022
Opposition coalition led by Jean Itadi, President of the African Congress for Progress, says it will boycott national dialogue initiated by the ruling party. They also demand the release of General Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko, who challenged Sassou for the presidency. He was convicted of treason.
03/02/2022
Guy Brice Parfait Kolelas dies, having been flown to Paris for treatment. COVID-19 exacerbated his pneumonia.
03/20/2021
Leading opposition candidate Guy Brice Parfait Kolelas of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI) is hospitalized with COVID-19 in serious condition. The election is 3/21/21 and the opposition Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS), the party of former president Pascal Lissouba, is boycotting it. The authorities have limited internet use.
12/11/2020
Sassou-Nguesso to run for a fourth term. His rivals, former general Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko and former minister Andre Okombi Salissa, disputed the results. They were arrested, put on trial and each handed 20 years in jail on charges of undermining state security.
08/31/2020
Opposition leader Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko returned to Brazzaville on Sunday after a month's medical attention in Turkey. He remains imprisoned on charges for compromising national security and unlawful possession of arms and ammunition.
06/16/2020
African Petroleum Producers Organisation (APPO) agrees to relocate the headquarters of the organization from Nigeria to Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
03/30/2020
Republic of Congo begins 30-day stay at home regime.
02/17/2020
Congolese Labor Party rejects opposition calls for a political dialogue and a postponement of the presidential election from 2021 to 2023, with Sassou-Nguesso.
07/12/2019
IMF approves $449 million bailout for Republic of Congo.
06/28/2018
IMF to consider bailout for Republic of Congo on 7/6/18.
06/24/2018
Republic of Congo joins OPEC.
01/17/2018
Republic of Congo, the fourth largest oil producer in sub-Saharan Africa, applies to join OPEC.
01/16/2018
Two generals arrested on charges of coup plot against Nguesso.
12/31/2017
Two are killed in protests against Pres Kabila remaining in office.

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